What is a partial knee replacement?

 

A partial knee replacement only replaces the joint surfaces in one side of the knee. It is used mainly on the medial (inner) side of the joint. The artificial knee is made of metal components that are secured to the bone using special bone cement. A polyethylene bearing is then inserted between the fixed metal components which acts as the gliding surface. The rest of the knee is left alone, including all ligaments.

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Do I need a partial knee replacement?

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Joint replacement is the ultimate solution for pain caused by arthritis in the joint. In the first instance though you should try to manage your pain with lifestyle changes, exercise and medication. If you still cannot walk as much as you would like because of pain or cannot sleep the time has come to consider surgery. If the arthritis is confined to only one side of your knee, a partial knee replacement may be a good solution. 

The NJR decision support tool can help you get an idea of what you can expect from the surgery.

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What are the benefits?

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You can expect the same benefits as from a total knee replacement with pain relief, better movement and increased walking distance. Compared to a total knee replacement a partial knee: 

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• Is a less invasive operation, so you can expect a smaller wound, less pain and swelling and a quicker recovery.

• You keep all your ligaments, so knee mechanics remains closer to normal and it will feel more "natural".

• If your knee replacement comes loose, a partial knee is much easier to revise than a total knee.

 

What is involved?

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• Preparing for your operation

  • You need to be as fit as possible to minimise the risk of complications and to ensure a speedy and smooth recovery. You will have a pre-assessment to identify any correctable abnormalities such as high blood pressure and anaemia.

  • We will have access to the moveUP service to prepare you for your joint replacement journey from pre-surgery exercises to rehabilitation afterwards.

• Surgical procedure

  • Knee replacement requires a general or spinal anaesthetic and the consultant carrying this out will discuss with you which one is best considering your circumstances and preferences.

  • During surgery a 3-4 inch long cut is made over the front of the knee and the joint is exposed. 

  • The damaged joint surfaces are removed using a saw via cutting jigs and the bone is ​prepared for the artificial components. The implants are fixed to the bone using special bone cement. To conclude the operation the soft tissues and the skin are carefully closed with dissolvable sutures.

• Recovery

  • We aim to get you out of bed on the day of your operation. We will keep you comfortable using the least possible amount of pain medication. Our physiotherapists will show you how to get in and out of bed safely and the use of any walking aid you may require. Most patients leave hospital after one or two nights.
    You can walk and use your knee as you are comfortable.​ The moveUP application will provide you with personalised exercises and information.

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What are the risks?​​​

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The overall benefit of surgery should far outweigh the risks, but it is important that you understand these in detail so you can make an informed decision. Learn more.